Page 2 of 6 uncontrolled copy controlled documentdo not duplicate controlled copy no. Medical professionals use a diagnostic tool called urinalysis to take a careful look at the chemical makeup of your urine. The manual method for using a reagent strip to test urine calls for dipping. The 2007 recommendation was associated with no significant change in adjusted visitlevel screening urinalysis proportions in child visits 20. A urinalysis is a simple test that looks at a small sample of your urine. Improved standardized performance is needed because urinalysis continues to be one of the most frequently requested laboratory tests. Pdf urinalysis is a routine screening and diagnostic tool that can be used to identify infections and diseases. Routine urinalysis consists of both physical and chemical analyses to assist physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of renal and urinary tract diseases and in the detection of metabolic or systemic disease processes not directly related to the kidney. Urine albumin results with pertinent specimen information are. In diagnosing urinary infection, the sensitivity and specificity of proteinuria was 79 and 80% respectively, that of bacteriuria 78 and 96% and that of pyuria 10 wbchpf 80 and 82% respectively. Newly updated, graffs textbook of urinalysis and body fluids is the best urinalysis reference for laboratory students and professionals. Urinalysis can reveal warnings signs for various diseases and conditions, such as hyperglycemia high blood sugar, diabetes, kidney stones and many others. The exact contents of your urine can tell doctors a lot about you.
A handbook of routine urinalysis by laurine graff, 1983, lippincott edition, in english. If it available for your country it will shown as book reader and user fully subscribe. The standard method of analyzing the patients urine is typically done by close examination under a microscope at a laboratory. Neil shay uncontrolled copy controlled documentdo not duplicate controlled copy no. To establish policies and procedures for the naval academy preparatory school naps urinalysis program.
Routine microscopic screen and followup test results. Basic laboratory tests basic urine tests urinalysis test alternative names occurunits usual normal range examples of conditions in which abnormal values ph, urine ph ph units 4. Use of urinalysis and urine culture in screening american. A routine urinalysis usually includes the following tests. Department of the navy united states naval academy. Routine urinalysis as performed in most toxicology studies is an imprecise tool, and assays are qualitative or semiquantitative.
Collection of urine by manual expression of the bladder. Since blood testing is more common in doctors offices now. The format of each chapter is clear, concise, and easy to follow. What remains, the interior of the book is packed with wonderful photographs of crystals, fibers, oval fat bodies, parasite ova, and whatever else the workaday med tech may run across in a routine urinalysis appearing exactly as it would in such a microscopic examination. The microscopic examination must be completed and entered before the reults can be approved. Basic laboratory tests basic urine tests urinalysis. What substance is responsible for the normal yellow color of urine.
Record color, appearance and microscopic results and approve. In 376 children, between 6 months and 5 years of age, with suspected urinary tract infection, 4 parameters of a routine urine examination were correlated with culture reports. Pdf the preanalytical challenges of routine urinalysis. Through six editions, the authors, noted educators and clinicians, have taught generations of students the theoretical and practical knowledge every clinical laboratory scientist needs to handle and analyze nonblood body fluids, and to keep themselves and their laboratories safe. If no unine dipstick has been ordered, it is a good idea to have the strip results available. Clinical urine tests are various tests of urine for diagnostic purposes. Feb 01, 2010 newly updated, graffs textbook of urinalysis and body fluids is the best urinalysis reference for laboratory students and professionals. Since 1997, the european confederation of laboratory medicine. Howaritz pj, et al 1977 timeliness of urinalysis, arch path lab medicine, vol 121.
Consequently, urinalysis is an extremely valuable tool for demonstrating pathological conditions in the excretory system and as an index for the general metabolic condition of an individual. Explain the relationship between the color, specific gravity, and volume of urine. Urine can be supersaturated with a crystalline compound that is soluble when the sample is freshly voided. Graffs textbook of routine urinalysis and body fluids. A sodiumrelated parameter is fractional sodium excretion, which is the. The routine urinalysis provides a number of measurements which look for abnormalities in the urine. The tests in a clinical chemistry laboratory measure concentrations of biologically important ions salts and minerals, small organic molecules and large macromolecules primarily proteins. Currently, most diseases that we can detect with urinalysis can be diagnosed much earlier with blood tests. The list of suppliers of urinalysis products, for example, needs to be updated to reflect the current condition. Explain why urinalysis is a routine part of any good physical examination. Sister laurine graff author of a handbook of routine. Results of urinalysis provide specific evaluation of the urogenital tract and may reflect systemic changes.
The urinalysis offered by laboratories depends on the type of dipstick that is used. Urinalysis used to be routine during checkups, typically to test for traces of blood, protein, or sugar. Urinalysis and body fluids, 6th edition laboratory. Routine urinalysis consists of both physical and chemical analyses to assist physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of renal and urinary tract diseases and in the detection of metabolic or systemic disease processes not directly related to. I find the textbook urinalysis and body fluids to be well written and of excellent quality.
Often, substances such as protein or glucose will begin to appear. A urinalysis is a common method of analyzing urine that is used to assess your health, and to help diagnose renal, systemic, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases, as well as urinary tract infections and urinary tract neoplasms. Nestle purina interpretation of canine and feline urinalysis 1 introduction routine urinalysis is an extremely valuable yet inexpensive diagnostic tool that sometimes is overlooked in veterinary practice. In addition, the high rate of falsepositive and truepositive results for benign conditions eg, orthostatic proteinuria results in additional tests that generate increased costs and anxiety for patients and families. Most crystals are not present in freshly voided urine samples. The preceptor needs to evaluate and document student performance using the abbreviation of s, u, ni, and na for each competency below at midterm half way point in clinical experience and final ending point of clinical experience. Pdf improved standardized performance is needed because urinalysis. Describe the anatomy of the kidney and nephron and production of urine. Interpretation of urinalysis results urinalysis is used as a screening andor diagnostic tool to detect substances or cellular material in the urine associated with metabolic disorders, renal dysfunction or urinary tract infections uti. A handbook of routine urinalysis by laurine graff book resume.
This new edition besides maintaining the quality of information for teaching this subject, presents an update of this knowledge for the 21st century. Urine test strips and microscopy roche diagnostics. This practical handbook contains everything its user needs to know when performing routine urinalyses. Those dipsticks make a pretty good catapult for drops of eyeballseeking urine. This instruction applies to all categories of urinalysis testing identified in reference a.
Urinalysis in urinary tract infection springerlink. Therefore it need a free signup process to obtain the book. Always wear gloves whilst messing about with another persons pee. Welcome,you are looking at books for reading, the a handbook of routine urinalysis, you will able to read or download in pdf or epub books and notice some of author may have lock the live reading for some of country. Some laboratories include a microscopic examination of urinary. Mar 07, 2018 the exact contents of your urine can tell doctors a lot about you. Comprehensive in scope, the book discusses the formation of urine, its constituents and properties in both health and disease, the origin of these constituents, and the principles. Explain the significance of the components of a routine urinalysis. In its second edition, this practical book retains its fullcolor images and topnotch coverage of urinalysis principles while significantly updating the content, broadening the scope to include new material on body fluids, providing more information on.
Cheesbrough, monica 1987medical laboratory manual for tropical. Heres a concise, comprehensive, and carefully structured introduction to the analysis of nonblood body fluids. Description a urinalysis is a group of manual andor automated qualitative and semiquantitative tests performed on a urine sample. A handbook of routine urinalysis download pdfepub ebook. Urinalysis and body fluids, 6th edition laboratory medicine. Explanations of abnormal test results are provided together with several procedures that can be. There are several different kinds of samples used in urinalysis. See section 6 for more detail about specific analytes. A handbook of routine urinalysis by sister laurine graff. Creatinine is a major component of urinalysis today for liverkidney screening, but it is not even mentioned. It contains products and companies which are no longer available. Comprehensive handbook of laboratory and diagnostic tests with. Comprehensive in scope, the book discusses the formation of urine, its constituents and properties in both health and disease, the origin of these constituents, and the principles of urinalysis.
Manual expression of the bladder is advised on patients who are sedated or. Properly use and interpret the reactions of the reagent strip with patient urine samples and control solutions. A basic but essential component of routine urinalysis includes an assessment of. The strengths of each chapter are the understandable learning objectives, key terms, case studies, clinical situations depicted, and technical tips. Name 10 routine chemical tests performed on urine and list and describe a condition that will cause an abnormal 2. Upon completion of this course, one should be able to. It can also help find serious diseases in the early stages, like chronic kidney disease, diabetes, or liver disease. Accuracy of urinalysis for disease detection condition test results sensitivity % specificity % ppv npv microscopic hematuria4 dipstick.
Their significance lies primarily in firstline diagnostics. Fundamentals of urine and body fluid analysis download pdf. Urinalysis is commonly included in nonclinical toxicology study protocols. Our routine urinalysis contains 12 different parts which analyze numerous levels and elements within urine. Physical and chemical properties are examined and measured. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of fresh urine.
The complete urinalysis includes both macroscopic and microscopic evaluation. The procedure for a routine urinalysis involves examining a sample of urine that is taken from the patient to determine that all basic functions within the body are operating normally. Sister laurine graff is the author of a handbook of routine urinalysis 3. The integrity of the specimen data is established by routine verification of the transcribed information against the identification on the specimen tube and the hard copy that accompanies all specimens. A handbook of routine urinalysis 1983 edition open library. This helped to identify people with hidden kidney disease or diabetes. Clinical chemistry is the branch of laboratory medicine that focuses primarily on molecules. It can help find conditions that may need treatment, including infections or kidney problems. Abnormal results from this test can be indicative of a number of conditions including kidney disease, urinary tract infection or elevated levels of substances which the body is trying to remove through the urine. This book in its version translated into portuguese has been our recommendation as a textbook of the discipline of urinalysis given to brazilian university students studying pharmacy at ufsc. Urinalysis and body fluids 6th edition 2014 release.
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